UNIT TEST (9) 92% Flashcards What actions characterize authoritarian governments? Check all that apply.Leaders often seize power by illegitimate means.All citizens prosper under the government.Citizens support the government’s official ideology.A single leader or a very powerful group rules.
- Leaders refuse to tolerate dissenting views.
- What happened when Spain’s government could not overcome social and economic problems during the Great Depression?Citizen groups revolted against the government.The head of the government gave his resignation.A new leader seized control from the military rulers.
The army led a rebellion against the government. Why did the Philippines help the United States fight the Spanish during the Spanish-American War?It was trying to assert its independence from Spain.It was forced to since it was controlled by the United States.It was believed that helping would make the United States grant the Philippines independence.
- It wanted to make a good impression on the nation that controlled it.
- Why were idealistic supporters of the Nazi party willing to endorse Hitler’s annexation of Austria?They distrusted intellectualism and respected military power.They wanted a quick return to the former power and glory of Germany.They were intrigued by the call of danger and the opportunity to sacrifice.
They believed that the problems of Germany were caused by the communists. : UNIT TEST (9) 92% Flashcards
Contents
- 1 What characterize authoritarian governments?
- 2 What are the 3 types of authoritarian government?
- 3 What are the characteristics of an authoritarian government quizlet?
- 4 Is authoritarian a type of democracy?
- 5 What is the opposite of authoritarianism?
- 6 What is the authoritarian leadership style?
- 7 Which of the following is a common characteristic of authoritative and authoritarian?
Authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action.
Bossism (autocratic party dictatorships); juntas (oligarchic military dictatorships); and. strongman (autocratic military dictatorships).
USA. What are the differences between authoritarian and democratic governments? Governments that control all aspects of citizens’ economic, political, and social lives are called authoritarian. Governments that give people economic, social, and political freedoms are democratic.
The word democracy comes from the Greek words ‘demos,’ which refers to the people, and ‘kratos,’ which means power. Thus, a democratic state is one in which power emanates from the people. One might say, then, that authoritarianism is the opposite of a democracy.
- In an authoritarian regime, all power is concentrated in one person alone, often referred to as the dictator.
- In this exhibit, we investigate the specific aspects of democracy and authoritarianism which clarify how these two systems of power and governance diverge, especially in terms of the effects these systems have on the citizens of the nation, and in terms of what each system likewise demands of its citizens.
As we deepen our reflection on Martial Law as a period in Philippine history, we also deepen our imagination of how Filipinos during Martial Law must have thought and felt about their situation, and what eventually drove them to choose democracy over authoritarianism on EDSA, and rise up as one to make that difference.
In authoritarian government all the power is concentrated in the hands of central government and its leader with little or without political freedom for citizens. A leader of the government is the one who decides what freedom can citizens have and what is forbidden.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A right-wing dictatorship, sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship or right-wing authoritarianism, is an authoritarian or sometimes totalitarian regime following right-wing policies. Right-wing dictatorships are typically characterized by appeals to traditionalism, the protection of law and order and the advocacy of nationalism, and justify their rise to power based on a need to uphold a conservative status quo, often in opposition to communism,
Authoritarian. A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. Dictatorship. Characteristics. Absolute rules; unchecked powers; most common form of rule through history; main rival to constitutional democracy; obtain power through violence.
Business – What do Adolf Hitler, Napoleon Bonaparte, Queen Elizabeth I, and Vladimir Putin have in common? They are all examples of autocratic leadership—when one leader exercises complete, authoritarian control over a group or organization—or in the case of these famous autocrats, vast empires.
- Leaders who use the autocratic style typically make all the decisions with little to no input from others.
- It’s important to distinguish dictators from these leaders.
- All dictators are autocratic leaders, but not all autocratic leaders are necessarily dictators.
- Autocratic leaders are not in the business of using their power for oppression, instead this leadership style is more focused on power for pushing the group forward.
Still, as extreme as it may sound when it comes to running a company, there are instances when autocratic leadership can be good for business. This article will explore those instances as well those where this leadership would not be effective. The purpose of the autocratic leadership style is to establish centralized control and use that control to achieve desired results, whether this be for a for-profit corporation or nonprofit organization.
Limited input from stakeholders. The autocratic leader makes most if not all decisions, leaving little if any room for feedback. This might boost efficiency since decisions are made quicker, but it sure doesn’t boost team morale. If employees aren’t trusted with decisions or important tasks, they question the value they bring to the company and may very well pack up and take their skills to another. Let’s say a fashion editor at a major style publication went above and beyond producing a photo shoot and story, only to learn that it got scrapped because the editor-in-chief simply didn’t like it. Depending on how thick-skinned they are, a subordinate can only take so much rejection from an autocratic manager. In this leadership style example, autocratic methods may lead to someone wanting to quit and low morale. Highly structured environment. Structure is an absolute must in any organization. But in an autocracy, the environment tends to be highly structured to the point of being rigid. When there’s no doubt who’s in charge with this leadership style, tasks can get accomplished more quickly—that’s the upside. On the contrary, the work setting can be too stringent in an autocratic environment. For instance, if a team member knows their performance is constantly being monitored, fear might be their only motivation to get the job done. Clearly defined rules and processes. Under an autocratic leader, there’s no question who has the final say, whether it be on a critical business decision or how the company is run. When roles, rules, and processes are clearly defined in this leadership style setting, things tend to run smoothly and efficiently since one person is calling all the shots. But sacrificing employee creativity and input in the process risks missing out on brilliant ideas. Even worse, it sends a loud and clear message that their creativity or input is not valued. To illustrate this point, consider the classic “suggestion box” in which employees are invited to submit their ideas to improve the company. Merely having a suggestion box available sends the message that input from the workforce is welcomed and might even be considered. Not so much in a business with an autocratic leadership structure. For one, there would just never be a suggestion box. What would be the point if only one person is making all the decisions?
Bill Gates. The driving force behind Microsoft has a leadership style that’s a mix of authoritarian and participative. He’s a master delegator of tasks but at the same time understands the value of harnessing the skills of his team members to the fullest. This combination of styles led to the enormous success of the company. Abraham Lincoln. Honest Abe rarely gave battlefield orders but made many autonomous decisions during the Civil War. According to Smithsonian Magazine, “He applied his large quotient of common sense to slice through the obfuscations and excuses of military subordinates.” The outcome of President Lincoln’s autocratic leadership style had a profound, everlasting effect on America: the abolishment of slavery. Napoleon Bonaparte. The French Revolution military leader was notorious for his autocratic leadership style. He commanded a huge army without sharing his ideas with anyone. Clearly, his tactics worked. How else could he have expanded his empire to over 70 million people?
Autocratic leaders are stereotyped as bossy, brutal, and lacking empathy, Their absolute power can be intimidating and strike fear. Still, this style can work well where strong, direct leadership is needed. Here are some examples of when this clear chain of command can make or break a business or organization.
When urgent decisions need to be made quickly. With the responsibility falling on the top person in charge, there’s no need to get input from team members. The autocratic leader makes the proverbial executive decision and—boom—the process moves forward. When work performance needs to be closely monitored. Keeping a watchful eye on employees ensures tasks are performed efficiently and effectively—and makes it easy to quickly identify problem areas in the workflow and take corrective action. When strict coordination of processes is crucial to productivity. With complex decision-making left to the leader, employees can focus on their specific responsibilities. Again, this speaks to high efficiency.
High turnover. Not giving employees a voice in company matters is bound to dampen morale, decrease productivity, and send them searching for other opportunities. Resistance to change. An effective leader needs to be flexible and adaptable to change. Autocratic leaders might be resistant to this because they are so used to doing things one way: their way. Little room for initiative and cooperation. An autocratic leadership work environment is not for the individual who thrives on collaboration and taking initiative. Employees who are proactive and knowledgeable about their role could find it challenging to work in an environment that doesn’t encourage contribution of their best skills. Empathetic leadership would be a much better fit. This leadership style is practically the polar opposite of autocratic leadership. An empathetic leader sees great value in making strong emotional connections with their employees.
Strong centralized control can help organizations meet their objectives. This can prove especially effective in work environments where there is little margin for error, such as a hospital emergency room. Let’s say an amputation is necessary to avoid spreading infection to the rest of a patient’s body.
- Only the ER physician could make that call.
- A nursing leadership role would also warrant autocratic decision-making.
- For instance, a team of nurses you manage relies on you to make a critical decision in how to administer care to a patient.
- An inappropriate scenario for the autocratic leadership style would be an advertising agency pitching television commercial ideas to a client.
The creative director may have the final say on what to present to the client but relies heavily on the knowledge and unique skill sets of a creative team to execute the work. Since the advertising profession calls for more of a participative management style, autocratic leadership, in this case, just wouldn’t work.
- While autocratic leadership certainly makes for interesting conversation, it isn’t for everyone.
- No matter what type of leadership may appeal to you, seeking a business degree online from WGU could help you acquire the knowledge and skills you need to become an effective leader.
- Plus, if you already have leadership experience, this could help accelerate your degree in several of WGU’s competency-based online programs,
Find out today how WGU can turn you into one of tomorrow’s leaders!
Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and they can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Authoritarian democracy is a form of democracy directed by a ruling elite of an authoritarian state that seeks to represent the different interests of society, Authoritarian democracy has also been called “organic democracy” by some proponents.
In use for cases of fascism and Stalinism it has also been referred to as totalitarian democracy, Authoritarian democracy was first developed and used by Bonapartism, The Bonapartist conception of authoritarian democracy was based upon Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès ‘s maxim, “confidence from below, authority from above”, which he claimed must be an enlightened authority that is responsive to the needs and clamour of the people.
Authoritarian democracy was promoted by fascists, who presented fascism as a form of authoritarian democracy. It explicitly rejects the conventional concept of democracy as in a majoritarian democracy that assumes equality of citizens. The concept of authoritarian democracy in fascism was developed by Italian fascist political theorist Giovanni Gentile and used by Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini,
Authoritative vs. Authoritarian Leadership – While the terms “authoritative” and “authoritarian” leadership sound similar—and are often used interchangeably—they are very different. Authoritative leaders guide their team by example and inspire progression toward a common goal, whereas authoritarian leaders rely on commands and demand compliance without question.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as “a form of social organisation characterised by submission to authority”, “favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom ” and to authoritarian government.
Difference between Totalitarianism and Authoritarianism – Okay so, totalitarianism is authoritarianism. And then some. In an authoritarian system there are a few social and economical institutes that are outside of the government’s control. So, the authoritarian system wants full political power, but does not go beyond that.
- The totalitarian rule system, on the other hand, wants power over EVERYTHING.
- EVERYTHING.
- They seek power beyond governmental rule and begin to intrude into the Ideology of everyone under their rule.
- One of the most familiar examples of a totalitarian ruler was Adolf Hitler.
- He went beyond political rule, and sought control over what people believed, and even what race he thought people should be.
Another key difference is in the way they execute their ruling. The authoritarian ruler is more focused on individual power, while the totalitarian ruler is more of a charming ideologist who claims to have the best interest of the people or the state in mind.
The Authoritarian Personality Type – According to Adorno’s theory, the elements of the Authoritarian personality type are:
Blind allegiance to conventional beliefs about right and wrong Respect for submission to acknowledged authority Belief in aggression toward those who do not subscribe to conventional thinking, or who are different A negative view of people in general – i.e. the belief that people would all lie, cheat or steal if given the opportunity A need for strong leadership which displays uncompromising power A belief in simple answers and polemics – i.e. The media controls us all or The source of all our problems is the loss of morals these days. Resistance to creative, dangerous ideas. A black and white worldview. A tendency to project one’s own feelings of inadequacy, rage and fear onto a scapegoated group A preoccupation with violence and sex
To measure these things in subjects, Adorno devised a test that asked them to state how much they agreed with particular statements. Each statement was correlated to one of the above elements. For example: Q. The businessman and the manufacturer are more important to our country than artists and writers.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An authoritarian leadership style is described as being as “leaders behavior that asserts absolute authority and control over subordinates and demands unquestionable obedience from subordinates.” Such a leader has full control of the team, leaving low autonomy within the group,
Authoritarian Leadership and Employees’ Active Change Support – Authoritarian leadership is a leadership style that stresses personal dominance, strong centralized authority and control over subordinates, and unquestioning obedience ( Cheng et al., 2004 ; Chen et al., 2014 ; Harms et al., 2018 ).
Authoritarian leadership has been found to negatively influence outcome variables such as team interaction, organizational commitment, task performance, and extra-role performance ( Chen et al., 2014 ). Consistent with these findings, the present study proposes a negative main effect between authoritarian leadership and employees’ active support for organizational change.
Organizational change produces technical, structural, and conceptual innovation. Such change requires employees to not only modify their work routines but also go beyond the call of duty ( Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002 ; Farahnak et al., 2019 ). Given the inherent uncertainty of organizational change, active support from employees is critical for its success.
However, employees under authoritarian leadership are less likely to perform additional behaviors because of the low level of reciprocity between authoritarian leaders and employees ( Chen et al., 2014 ). Reciprocity is one of the defining “rules” of exchange, especially functional exchange relationships ( Blau, 1964 ; Emerson, 1976 ; Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005 ).
Reciprocity implies that a bidirectional transaction is required in an exchange: something must be given and received ( Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005 ). An inherent expectation of the social norm of reciprocity is that people will respond to each other in similar ways, such as responding to rewards and benevolence from others with similar effort, kindness, and loyalty or responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation ( Blau, 1964 ).
- An authoritarian leader behaves in a commanding and strongly controlling fashion, without expressing positive emotions or demonstrating amicable concern ( Chen et al., 2014 ).
- Employees may perceive that their active and additional effort is unlikely to obtain payoff from the authoritarian leader ( Blau, 1964 ; Yoshikawa et al., 2019 ), leading to the negative relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees’ active support for organizational change.
Thus, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis 1. Authoritarian leadership is negatively related to employees’ active support for organizational change.
Rules – Both authoritative and authoritarian parents are strict and have high expectations of their kids. Authoritative parents are strict and warm, while authoritarian parents are strict and cold. Authoritative parents discuss and explain rules to their children.
- They are open to give-and-take discussions and will modify rules if appropriate.
- Children are taught to think critically about the reasons behind each rule.
- Because kids with authoritative parents can speak their minds and participate in decision-making, they are more assertive and have higher self-esteem.
Authoritarian parents only allow one-way communication. They use “because I said so” as the reason for the rules. Children are expected to blindly obey without questions. They are not allowed to have or voice their opinions. Kids are often “seen but not heard”.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Authoritarian capitalism, or illiberal capitalism, is an economic system in which a capitalist market economy exists alongside an authoritarian government, Related to and overlapping with state capitalism, a system in which the state undertakes commercial activity, authoritarian capitalism combines private property and the functioning of market forces with repression of dissent, restrictions on freedom of speech and either a lack of elections or an electoral system with a single dominant political party,
Countries commonly referred to as being authoritarian capitalist states include China since the economic reforms, Hungary under Viktor Orbán, Russia under Vladimir Putin, Chile under Augusto Pinochet, Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew and Turkey under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as well as fascist regimes and military dictatorships during the Cold War,
Nazi Germany has also been described as authoritarian capitalist, especially for its privatization policy in the 1930s. Political scientists disagree on the long-run sustainability of authoritarian capitalism, with arguments both for and against the long-term viability of political repression alongside a capitalist free-market economic system.
An authoritarian leader makes all decisions and tells the followers what to do. A democratic leader and his/her followers discuss problems and jointly make all decisions that affect their work.
Citizens support the government’s official ideology. A single leader or a very powerful group rules. Leaders refuse to tolerate dissenting views. Leaders often seize power by illegitimate means.
The Authoritarian Personality Type – According to Adorno’s theory, the elements of the Authoritarian personality type are:
Blind allegiance to conventional beliefs about right and wrong Respect for submission to acknowledged authority Belief in aggression toward those who do not subscribe to conventional thinking, or who are different A negative view of people in general – i.e. the belief that people would all lie, cheat or steal if given the opportunity A need for strong leadership which displays uncompromising power A belief in simple answers and polemics – i.e. The media controls us all or The source of all our problems is the loss of morals these days. Resistance to creative, dangerous ideas. A black and white worldview. A tendency to project one’s own feelings of inadequacy, rage and fear onto a scapegoated group A preoccupation with violence and sex
To measure these things in subjects, Adorno devised a test that asked them to state how much they agreed with particular statements. Each statement was correlated to one of the above elements. For example: Q. The businessman and the manufacturer are more important to our country than artists and writers.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Authoritarian capitalism, or illiberal capitalism, is an economic system in which a capitalist market economy exists alongside an authoritarian government, Related to and overlapping with state capitalism, a system in which the state undertakes commercial activity, authoritarian capitalism combines private property and the functioning of market forces with repression of dissent, restrictions on freedom of speech and either a lack of elections or an electoral system with a single dominant political party,
Countries commonly referred to as being authoritarian capitalist states include China since the economic reforms, Hungary under Viktor Orbán, Russia under Vladimir Putin, Chile under Augusto Pinochet, Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew and Turkey under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as well as fascist regimes and military dictatorships during the Cold War,
Nazi Germany has also been described as authoritarian capitalist, especially for its privatization policy in the 1930s. Political scientists disagree on the long-run sustainability of authoritarian capitalism, with arguments both for and against the long-term viability of political repression alongside a capitalist free-market economic system.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the psychological trait of authoritarianism. For the form of government that bears the same name, see Authoritarianism, For the book, see The Authoritarian Personality, The authoritarian personality is a personality type characterized by a disposition to treat authority figures with unquestioning obedience and respect,